Mid-trimester hyperechogenic bowel in a fetus of Turkish origin carrying a rarely seen mutation of cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis [CF] is one of the most common severe autosomal recessive genetic disorders, characterized primarily by chronic obstructive lung disease and maldigestion disorder. The disease is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator [CFTR] gene. Here we present a case of a fetus with hyperechogenic bowel, in which compound heterozygosity was established for the mutations p.IIe1000fsX1001 and p.Asp110His subsequent to amniocentesis. The mutations were most likely disease-causing, and pregnancy was terminated

status of depression and anxiety in infertile Turkish couples

Infertility is a major psychosocial crisis as well as being a medical problem. The factors that predict psychosocial consequences of infertility may vary in different gender and different infertile populations. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether Turkish infertile couples had higher levels of depression and anxiety when compared to non-infertile couples. Our secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and levels of depression and anxiety in Turkish infertile couples. We designed a descriptive cross sectional study of 248 infertile women and 96 infertile men with no psychiatric disturbance and 51 women and 40 men who have children to evaluate the depression and anxiety levels between infertile couples and fertile couples. A gynecologist evaluated participants for demographic data and then they were visited by a psychologist to perform questionnaire scales which were the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for the evaluation of the degree of psychopathology. The data were statistically analyzed, with p<0.05 as the level of statistical significance. We observed significant differences between the infertile couples and fertile couples with respect to state and trait anxiety [p<0.0001] while no difference was regarding with depression, both of women and men. Anxiety and depression were observed as independent from gender when infertile women and men were compared [p=0.213]. We believed that the psychological management at infertile couples must be individualized with cultural, religious, and class related aspects

Different types of variable decelerations and their effects to neonatal outcome

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Although the only objective finding of intrapartum fetal distress is obtained through the measurement the fetal scalp pH, this invasive procedure is not available in every institution. The careful examination of fetal heart rate tracings for abnormalities, especially of the most commonly seen one, variable decelerations gains great importance under these circumstances. The aim of the present study is to determine the prognostic significance of variable decelerations in intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 96 fetal heart rate tracings were analysed to assess the prognostic significance of variable decelerations. Sixty-six percent (64/96) of cases exhibited atypia characterised with (1) slow return of the fetal heart rate to the baseline; (2) loss of variability during the decelerations; (3) loss of initial and/or secondary accelerations; (4) persistence of secondary acceleration (overshoot); and (5) continuation of the baseline fetal heart rate at a lower level; (6) biphasic deceleration. One and five-minute Apgar scores and umbilical artery pH were used to assess the final fetal condition.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Adverse fetal outcome characterised by fetal acidosis and Apgar score lower than 7 at one and five minutes were uncommon with pure variable decelerations. Typical and atypical variable decelerations were associated with low Apgar scores (< 7) at one minute in 9.3% and 54.6% of cases (p < 0.001) and at five minutes in 6.25% and 25% of cases (p < 0.05), respectively. In addition umbilical artery pH found to be lower than 7.2 in these cases ( 18.75% - p < 0.05). There was no danger for the fetal haemodynamic conditions when typical uterus contraction/variable deceleration ratios were two or more than two. However, risk of fetal hypoxia damage was quite high when this ratio was lower than two in atypical variable 5th minute low Apgar scores and pH (81.8% and 36.6% respectively). Atypical features are helpful in the identification of distress characterised by low Apgar scores in fetuses with variable decelerations. Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was more common in patients with atypical variable decelerations in comparison with typical variable decelerations (34.3% versus 3.1%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>While typical variable decelerations are frequently harmless, atypical variations pose a significant risk of fetal hypoxia.</p>